Sorbitol is a low–molecular weight sugar alcohol (polyol) commonly derived from glucose via hydrogenation and widely used in cosmetic formulations for its humectant, moisturizing, and stabilizing properties. Chemically classified as a hexitol (C₆H₁₄O₆), sorbitol is highly hygroscopic, enabling it to attract and retain water within the stratum corneum. In skincare systems, this mechanism supports improved skin hydration, reduced transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and enhanced surface smoothness. Unlike volatile humectants, sorbitol provides sustained moisture retention and contributes to formula viscosity and sensory balance, particularly in gel and aqueous emulsions.

In hair care, sorbitol functions as a moisture-binding conditioning agent that helps preserve hydration in both the scalp and hair fiber. By retaining water in the cuticle and cortex, it improves flexibility, reduces brittleness, and minimizes static electricity and frizz formation. Sorbitol is frequently used in shampoos, conditioners, curl-defining products, and leave-on treatments where long-lasting hydration and softness are desired without heavy occlusion. Its high compatibility with surfactant systems and polymers also makes it valuable for improving foam stability, texture, and overall formulation performance.