Iron oxides, encompassing pigments like red (CI 77491), yellow (CI 77492), and black (CI 77499), are widely used in skincare and makeup for their natural tinting capabilities and exceptional stability. They impart earthy tones — from warm beige to deep mahogany — making them indispensable in foundations, concealers, tinted sunscreens, and other colour-driven applications. These pigments are UV-stable, resistant to oxidation, and maintain consistent hues even under sunlight exposure.
Beyond aesthetics, iron oxides contribute to photoprotective functions. They can scatter and reflect high-energy visible (HEV or blue) light, which is associated with skin aging and hyperpigmentation, especially conditions like melasma. Combining iron oxides with mineral sunscreens (e.g., zinc oxide or titanium dioxide) significantly enhances overall protection across the blue/light spectrum.
Quick Insights
Ingredient Rating:
GOOD
Type of Ingredient:
Texture Enhancer, Antioxidant and Tone Evener
Intended Function:
Provide natural, stable pigmentation while offering an added layer of defense against HEV/blue light and contributing to visually even, radiant formulations.
Common Applications:
Commonly used in tinted sunscreens, foundations, concealers, BB/CC creams, primers, and mineral makeup to deliver color, coverage, and protective benefits.
Target Audience:
Formulators and brand owners crafting tinted or protective skincare and makeup products — especially for sensitive or hyperpigmentation-prone skin types seeking visually appealing and gentle formulations.
Also Known As:
CI 77491 (Red Iron Oxide), CI 77492 (Yellow Iron Oxide), CI 77499 (Black Iron Oxide), collectively referred to as Iron Oxides or Ferric Oxides.
Safety Analysis
Highly safe and well‑tolerated: Iron oxides hold a “Low” hazard rating in the Environmental Working Group’s Skin Deep database and are considered non-irritating and non-comedogenic. Experts affirm that iron oxides are safe for all skin types, including sensitive skin, with no known adverse interactions in formulations.
Functional tolerance: There are virtually no reported side effects; rare allergic reactions may occur but are exceedingly uncommon.
Regulatory purity standards: For pigments like CI 77491, purity requirements per EU Directive 95/45/EC are strictly enforced to limit contaminants—ensuring safe, high-quality sourcing.
References
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