Propanediol (specifically 1,3‑propanediol) is a bio‑based diol derived through fermentation of corn sugar—offering a natural, eco‑friendly substitute for petrochemical glycols like propylene glycol. As a multifunctional ingredient, it excels as a humectant, solvent, viscosity modifier and emollient.
In skincare, propanediol effectively draws moisture into the epidermis, softens the stratum corneum, and improves texture without stickiness. Its solvent capacity enables solubilization of challenging actives like salicylic, ferulic, and ascorbic acids, ensuring even distribution and enhanced bioavailability.
In haircare, propanediol enhances moisture retention, improves detangling, reduces static, and delivers a clean, non-residue feel post-rinse. It boosts foam quality and reduces surfactant concentration while stabilizing formulations against freeze–thaw and heat cycles.
Known for low irritancy, propanediol is safe for sensitive and acne-prone skin, with rare mild responses in patch testing.
Quick Insights
Ingredient Rating:
GREAT
Type of Ingredient:
Hydrator, Emollient, Barrier Support and Solvent
Intended Function:
Improve hydration, solubilize actives, enhance texture and absorption, support barrier function.
Common Applications:
Used in moisturizers, serums, cleansers, shampoos, conditioners, and aerosol spray formulations to improve efficacy and user experience.
Target Audience:
Clean, high-performance skincare and haircare products, especially those targeting sensitive, dry, or eco-conscious markets.
Also Known As:
1,3‑Propanediol; PDO
Safety Analysis
PDO is generally recognized as safe by CIR and considered gentler than propylene glycol, with minimal irritation in skin patch studies.
A 2018 CIR review confirmed its safety up to concentrations of ~40% in deodorants and ~15–21% in conditioners and creams; eye makeup removers even include it at up to 10%.
EWG assigns a low-hazard profile, though notes potential penetration-enhancing properties and rare weak endocrine-disruption signals in isolated studies. However, overall data suggest negligible real-world risk.
References
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