Niacinamide, also known as nicotinamide, is a water-soluble form of vitamin B3 that has garnered significant attention in the cosmetic industry for its multifaceted benefits in skincare and haircare formulations. In skincare, niacinamide is renowned for its ability to enhance the skin barrier function by stimulating the synthesis of ceramides and other lipids, thereby reducing transepidermal water loss and improving skin hydration. Clinical studies have demonstrated that topical application of niacinamide can lead to a reduction in fine lines, wrinkles, hyperpigmented spots, and skin sallowness, as well as improvements in skin elasticity and redness. Additionally, niacinamide exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by modulating the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, leading to decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8, which is beneficial in conditions like acne and rosacea.​

In haircare, niacinamide contributes to scalp health by enhancing the production of keratin, the primary structural protein in hair, thus improving hair strength and texture. Its sebum-regulating properties help maintain a balanced scalp environment, reducing issues related to excess oiliness. Furthermore, niacinamide’s antioxidant capabilities protect hair follicles from oxidative stress induced by environmental factors such as UV radiation and pollution, potentially mitigating premature hair follicle aging and hair loss. While some studies suggest that niacinamide may not directly stimulate hair growth, its role in maintaining a healthy scalp and hair environment is well-supported.​