Apple AHA’s refer to the class of alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) that are derived from apples (Malus domestica), especially malic acid, often blended with other naturally derived AHAs such as glycolic, lactic, and citric acids in cosmetic formulations. The primary mechanism of apple AHAs is chemical exfoliation: they function by weakening the cohesive bonds between corneocytes (dead skin cells) in the stratum corneum, thereby promoting desquamation and enhancing epidermal cell turnover. This leads to a smoother, more uniform skin surface and improved texture, tone, and radiance. Over time, increased cell turnover also supports collagen formation and elasticity, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and providing a more youthful skin phenotype.

In addition to exfoliation, apple-derived AHAs like malic acid also possess hydrating and antioxidant properties. Their humectant nature helps retain moisture in the epidermis, enhancing epidermal hydration and supporting the skin’s barrier function, which is particularly beneficial for dry or mature skin types. AHAs can also facilitate pore clarity and skin luminosity by promoting unclogged follicles and a more even surface. While Apple AHA’s are primarily used in skincare products (e.g., peels, serums, lotions), there is limited direct evidence supporting benefits in hair care; however, their exfoliating action can be leveraged in scalp formulations to manage buildup and promote scalp health.